Advanced Tutorial on GOOGLEFINANCE Function in Google Sheets with Real-Life Examples

Most of you know and use Google Finance for researching investment opportunities and other finance-related things. This service lets you create your own stock portfolio and monitor it in real-time. You can also track information about securities, currency rates, and so on in one place. 

Did you know that Google Sheets has a dedicated Google Finance formula? It’s called simply GOOGLEFINANCE and it allows you to import data from Google Finance to spreadsheets. Then you can manipulate the data as you need, such as visualizing data, building dashboards, etc. The function is a bit intricate, so we prepared this tutorial for you to master GOOGLEFINANCE with no sweat.

GOOGLEFINANCE Google Sheets explained

GOOGLEFINANCE syntax in Google Sheets

According to the Google official documentation, here is the GOOGLEFINANCE formula syntax:

=GOOGLEFINANCE("ticker-symbol", "attribute", "start-date", "end-date", "interval") 

• "ticker-symbol" is an abbreviated name for traded securities such as stocks, shares, currency, etc. For example, "NYSE:V" is the ticker symbol for Visa Inc. on the New York Stock Exchange; "USDEUR" is the ticker symbol for the exchange rate of the currency pair US dollar to Euro. 

All other parameters for the GOOGLEFINANCE function are optional:

• "attribute" is the parameter to specify the type of data about "ticker-symbol" to import from Google Finance. For example, the "currency" attribute denotes the currency in which the security ("ticker-symbol") is priced. By default, GOOGLEFINANCE function returns the "price" attribute. Discover all GOOGLEFINANCE function attributes.
• "start-date" and "end-date" represent a date span for collecting historical data. The date should be represented in the format MM/DD/YYYY, for example "12/24/2020"; or using one of the date-related functions, for example =DATE(yyyy,mm,dd). Skip these parameters to return real-time data.
  • Alternatively, the end-date parameter can be specified as the number of days from the start-date. 
•  "interval" is the parameter to specify the granularity of the imported data. GOOGLEFINANCE function allows you to get daily data (use "Daily" or "1") or weekly data (use "Weekly" or "7"). Daily is set by default.

GOOGLE FINANCE formula examples

Take a look at this basic example of how GOOGLEFINANCE function works:

=GOOGLEFINANCE("GOOG","price","1/1/2014","12/31/2014", "DAILY")

In this formula example, we use GOOGLEFINANCE to import data about the stock price of Google back in 2014.

• "GOOG" is the ticker symbol
• "price" is the attribute
• "1/1/2014" is the start date
• "12/31/2014" is the end date
• "DAILY" is the interval (we can omit it in the formula)

GOOGLEFINANCE attributes you can use in Google Sheets

Attributes for real-time data
priceopen	The price at of market opening.
high	The current day’s high price.
low	The current day’s low price.
volume	The current day’s trading volume.
marketcap	The market capitalization of the stock.
tradetime	The time of the last trade.
datadelay	How delayed the real-time data is.
volumeavg	The average daily trading volume.
pe	The price/earnings ratio.
eps	The earnings per share.
high52	The 52-week high price.
low52	The 52-week low price.
change	The price change since the previous trading day’s close.
beta	The beta value.
changepct	The percentage change in price since the previous trading day’s close.
closeyest	The previous day’s closing price.
shares	The number of outstanding shares.
currency	The currency in which the security is priced. Currencies don’t have trading windows, so open, low, high, and volume won’t return a value for this argument.

Attributes for historical data
open	The opening price for the specified date(s).
close	The closing price for the specified date(s).
high	The high price for the specified date(s).
low	The low price for the specified date(s).
volume	The volume for the specified date(s).
all	All of the above.

Attributes for mutual fund data
closeyest	The previous day’s closing price.
date	The date at which the net asset value was reported.
returnytd	The year-to-date return.
netassets	The net assets.
change	The change in the most recently reported net asset value and the one immediately prior.
changepct	The percentage change in the net asset value.
yieldpct	The distribution yield, the sum of the prior 12 months’ income distributions (stock dividends).
returnday	One-day total return.
return1	One-week total return.
return4	Four-week total return.
return13	13 week total return.
return52	52 week (annual) total return.
return156	156 week (3 year) total return.
return260	260 week (5 year) total return.
incomedividend	The amount of the most recent cash distribution.
incomedividenddate	The date of the most recent cash distribution.
capitalgain	The amount of the most recent capital gain distribution.
morningstarrating	The Morningstar “star” rating.
expenseratio	The fund’s expense ratio.

Now let’s check out the power of GOOGLEFINANCE through other real-life examples.

Tutorial on how to use GOOGLEFINANCE function in Google Sheets

How to track stocks using the GOOGLE FINANCE formula

Stocks represent a part of the company’s ownership and are traded on a stock exchange such as NASDAQ or through brokers. People buy stocks for several purposes: trading, getting dividend income, etc. To assess your stock easily and observe its changes, GOOGLEFINANCE function takes your stock data directly from Google Finance to your Google Sheets. 

First, you will need to get the ticker symbols of the companies you are interested in to get your current stock value or price. You can either Google it (for example, “facebook ticker”) or use a tool such as Yahoo Finance. For example, you want to import the stock price or value of Facebook Inc. traded on NASDAQ. The ticker symbol for Facebook is "FB"; for NASDAQ, it will read "NASDAQ:FB". 

Type "NASDAQ:FB" in the formula along with "price" as the attribute. Here is how your GOOGLE FINANCE formula should look:

=GOOGLEFINANCE("NASDAQ: FB","price")

Alternatively, it is possible to reference cells in your argument. The formula with our ticker symbol in cell B2 looks like this:

=GOOGLEFINANCE(B2, "price")

How to use GOOGLEFINANCE function to get historical data about stocks

You may need to acquire historical stock data to examine the company’s history, anticipate future events, etc. Let’s import historical stock data about Eni S.p.A., an Italian multinational oil and gas company. It’s ticker symbol is "NYSE:E"; "high" is the argument for the high price for the specified date span. Here is the GOOGLEFINANCE formula:

=GOOGLEFINANCE("NYSE:E","high",DATE(2019,8,21),DATE(2019,8,30))

Use GOOGLEFINANCE function to work with currency 

It is quite easy to access the current exchange rate in your sheets using the GOOGLE FINANCE formula. For example, we need to import the rate of the currency pair PLN to CAD. Here is the GOOGLE FINANCE formula:

=GOOGLEFINANCE ("Currency:PLNCAD")

An alternate method of doing this is by using the cell of your argument. Here is the formula to get the USD to GBP currency rate:

=GOOGLEFINANCE ("Currency:"&B2&C2) 

Get currency exchange value with GOOGLEFINANCE

Importing a pure currency rate is not as convenient as converting the value from one currency to another right away. With Google Sheets and GOOGLEFINANCE function, you can easily build a currency converter. All you need to do is import the exchange rate and multiply it by the value to convert.

In this example, B2 cell contains the formula:

=GOOGLEFINANCE ("Currency:EURUSD")

D2 cell contains the formula, which multiplies the exchange rate returned to B2 and the value to convert from C2:

=B2*C2

Import historical currency exchange rates with GOOGLEFINANCE

Historical currency exchange rates give us information on how currencies have behaved in the past. For example, let’s import the historical exchange rate for the currency pair New Zealand Dollar to Indian Rupee (NZDINR). The GOOGLE FINANCE formula is

=GOOGLEFINANCE("Currency:NZDINR", "price", DATE(2020,11,25), DATE(2020,12,2))

How often does the GOOGLEFINANCE function update in Google Sheets?

Most of us use GOOGLEFINANCE for real-time data. So, we need to know how fast it can do the job.

GOOGLEFINANCE can have a delay of up to 20 minutes, and you will need to manually open your spreadsheet before an update can happen. The spreadsheet will fetch only the values saved the last time the spreadsheet was opened.

GOOGLE FINANCE not working – what are the reasons?

The GOOGLEFINANCE function has some limitations, and it’s not always reliable. There is no guarantee that too many GOOGLEFINANCE formulas won’t return an #N/A error at some point. The data you can get using the GOOGLEFINANCE function is not for financial industry professional use.

Another reason for the #N/A error is the attempt to retrieve historical data from Google Finance via the Sheets API or Apps Script. Why? Google Finance API is no longer supported and is not documented. 

How to avoid the GOOGLE FINANCE internal error?

You can’t fix the internal error of your GOOGLEFINANCE formula, but you can use an alternative way to get your financial data. Some financial traders or investors rely on financial services and use their APIs to import data to Google Sheets. Yahoo Finance and its API is the best replacement to Google Finance for both individual and enterprise-level users. Let’s see how you can do this.

How to retrieve data from Yahoo Finance API without coding

Wait! Wasn’t Yahoo Finance API shut down in 2017? It was, but sometime in 2019, it’s unofficial API came out. With it, you can query:

• Finance summaries
• Stocks
• Quotes
• Movers
• and more free stock market data. 

The best tool for getting data from APIs without coding is the JSON Client. It’s an integration tool provided by Coupler.io, a solution for automating data import to Google Sheets, Excel or BigQuery from different sources like Airtable, Pipedrive, HubSpot, etc. There are numerous ready-to-use integrations, such as HubSpot to Excel. In our case, we’ll need to set up a custom one by connecting to the API. Let’s see how it works:

Sign in to Coupler.io, click Add importer and select the source and destination apps: JSON and Google Sheets accordingly. After that, you’ll need to complete the following steps:

• Source
• Destination
• Schedule

Source

• JSON URL – insert the JSON URL to import data from and click Continue.

JSON URL for major data entities:

https://query1.finance.yahoo.com/v10/finance/quoteSummary/{ticker}

JSON URL for historical data about prices, splits and dividends:

https://query1.finance.yahoo.com//v8/finance/chart/{ticker}

• HTTP method – use GET as the HTTP method.
• URL query string – depending on the data you want to retrieve, the query string will differ. For example, here is the string to retrieve price data:

modules: price

Check out all data query options.

Click Proceed to Destination Settings.

Destination

• Destination account: connect your Google account. 
• Spreadsheet: select your Google Sheets doc and the sheet in it that will be receiving the data. 

Click Proceed to Schedule Settings.

Schedule

Toggle on Automatic data refresh and configure the schedule if you want to retrieve data automatically to Google Sheets. Click Save and Run to import your data.

Data entities and parameters to use for importing data from Yahoo Finance

Major data 

JSON URL: .../v10/finance/quoteSummary/{ticker}

Data entity	URL query string
Price	modules: price
Key statistical data including (YTD Daily Total Return, profit margins, float shares, etc.)	modules: defaultKeyStatistics
Expense Ratio	modules: fundProfile
Profile Data	modules: assetProfile
Income statements history	modules: incomeStatementHistory
Quarterly income statements history	modules: incomeStatementHistoryQuarterly
Balance Sheet history	modules: balanceSheetHistory
Quarterly balance Sheet history	modules: balanceSheetHistoryQuarterly
Cash flow statement history	modules: cashflowStatementHistory
Quarterly cash flow statement history	modules: cashflowStatementHistoryQuarterly
Financial data	modules: financialData
Calendar events	modules: calendarEvents
Securities filings	modules: secFilings
Recommendation trend	modules: recommendationTrend
Upgrade & downgrade history	modules: upgradeDowngradeHistory
Institution ownership	modules: institutionOwnership
Fund ownership	modules: fundOwnership
Major direct holders	modules: majorDirectHolders
Major holders breakdown	modules: majorHoldersBreakdown
Insider transactions	modules: insiderTransactions
Insider holders	modules: insiderHolders
Net share purchase activity	modules: netSharePurchaseActivity
Earnings	modules: earnings
Earnings history	modules: earningsHistory
Earnings trend	modules: earningsTrend
Industry trend	modules: industryTrend
Index trend	modules: indexTrend
Sector trend	modules: sectorTrend

Historical data about prices, splits and dividends

JSON URL:.../v8/finance/chart/{ticker}

URL query string:

URL query string parameter	Description
symbol: {ticker}	Provide the ticker symbol.
period1: {unix-timestamp}	Start date in the Unix timestamp format. For example, 1617179455 is the unix timestamp for Mar 31 2021 11:30:55t.
period2: {unix-timestamp}	End date in the Unix timestamp format.
interval: {interval}	Specify the time interval, for example: – 3mo denotes 3 months – 1d denotes one day
includePrePost: true	Add data before and after the market.
events: div%7Csplit	Add dividends and splits.

Yahoo Finance API is not an undisputed alternative to Google Finance. You can also use Coupler.io to fetch data via other APIs, for example, Alpha Vantage or IEX. Check out how we managed to create a currency tracker in Google Sheets using it.

How to get dividend data and options from stocks using GOOGLEFINANCE function

GOOGLEFINANCE only provides basic information such as price. Unfortunately, you can’t get dividend stock data with this function… but Google Sheets has another ace in the hole called IMPORTXML. 

IMPORTXML function is a built-in function to import structured data from webpages. The supported data types include XML, HTML, CSV, TSV, as well as RSS and ATOM XML feeds. Read more in our blog post about XML to Google Sheets.

And where can we find the necessary structured data about dividends? The answer is Yahoo Finance – from here, you can pull the dividend and yield information using IMPORTXML.

The IMPORTXML function has two parameters: web-url and xpath-query. The web-url is the URL of the stock being searched for on Yahoo finance – for example, https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AAPL is the web-url for Apple Inc.

How to get Xpath query

To get the xpath-query, complete the following steps:

• On Google Chrome, select the dividend and yield => right-click and choose “Inspect” from the dropdown menu.

• Right-click on the highlighted code => select “Copy” => “Copy XPath”. XPath gives us this string:  //*[@id=”quote-summary”]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[6]/td[2]  

• Insert the XPath string into the IMPORTXML formula, so it will look like this:

=IMPORTXML("https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AAPL","//*[@id='quote-summary']/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[6]/td[2]")

You can split the dividend and yield into different columns using the SPLIT function in Google Sheets. 

In the example below, we nested a few functions into one advanced formula which imports the dividend and yield, and then split them into two different columns:

=split(IMPORTXML(concatenate("http://finance.yahoo.com/quote/",index(split(B3,":"),0,2)),$B$9),"()")

• B3 cell contains the ticker (NASDAQ:AAPL)
• split(B3,":") splits the ticker into NASDAQ and AAPL 
• The INDEX function takes AAPL only.
• $B$9 contains the XPath string
• The CONCATENATE function adds the XPath string to the IMPORTXML formula

By doing this, we have pulled data from Yahoo Finance and split it into their columns successfully!

Is the GOOGLEFINANCE function worth it?

GOOGLEFINANCE is not an all-in-one solution, as you can see for yourself. However, it may significantly optimize your data manipulation scope. On the other hand, it’s not quite a reliable function and you should always have a backup plan, such as an API service connected to Google Sheets using the JSON Client importer. Anyway, the final decision is up to you. Good luck with your data! 

One last thing – here is the list of attributes that you can use for real time data, historical data, and mutual fund data. Enjoy!

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